Direct stimulation of human fibroblasts by nCeO2 in vitro is attenuated with an amorphous silica coating

Table 1 Characterization of the engineered nanoparticles

Nanomaterial	Manufacturer	Manufacturing process	Theoretical aSiO₂ (wt%)	TCT (nm)	d_XRD (nm)	d_BET (nm)	SSA (m²/g)
nCeO₂	Harvard University	VENGES FSP	0	0	17.3	12.8	61
amsCeO₂	Harvard University	VENGES FSP	20	3	21	19.2	50
aSiO₂	Harvard University	VENGES FSP	100	n/d	n/d	14	195
Sigma CeO₂	Sigma-Aldrich	n/d	0	n/d	n/d	20	n/d
SWCNT	CNI Houston	HipCo	0	n/d	n/d	n/d	400 – 1200

Abbreviations: nCeO ₂ uncoated nCeO₂, amsCeO ₂ amorphous SiO₂-coated nCeO₂, aSiO ₂ amorphous SiO₂, n/d measurement not determined or data not available, VENGES FSP versatile engineered nanomaterial generation system flame spray pyrolysis, HipCo high pressure CO disproportionation, TCT theoretical coating thickness, d _XRD x-ray diffraction calculated diameter, d _BET Brunauer–Emmett–Teller calculated primary particle diameter, SSA specific surface area

ISSN: 1743-8977