Fig. 9

Cytokine expression profile in the ApoE^−/− hippocampus after acute (1-day) exposure to atmospheres. After 1-day of exposure to atmospheres, cytokine mRNA expression was assessed in the hippocampus of the ApoE^−/− mouse brain for the following: (a) Ccl5, (b) Cxcl1, (c) IL-1β, (d) IL-6, (e) Tgf-β, and (f) Tnf-α. None of the exposures significantly altered mRNA expression of (a) Ccl5 or (b) Cxcl1. Exposure to UFP and UFP + G significantly altered mRNA expression of (c) IL-1β, (d) IL-6, (e) Tgf-β, and (f) Tnf-α, with exposures having the greatest impact on (f) Tnf-α expression. n = 7–8 per group, *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001