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Fig. 4 | Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Fig. 4

From: In vitro biological responses to nanofibrillated cellulose by human dermal, lung and immune cells: surface chemistry aspect

Fig. 4

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity of cells after NFC exposure. Cytotoxicity of NFC-treated cells was evaluated by measuring total and extracellular LDH activity. a HDF cells, b MRC-5 cells and c THP-1 macrophages were treated with a range of NFC concentration from 50 to 500 μg/mL during 24 h. MCC is a food grade nanocellulose used as a reference material. The positive control was DMSO (5% v/v in cell culture media) an inducer of cytotoxicity. Data are presented as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. Significant results as compared to the negative control are marked with asterisks (* p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01)

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Particle and Fibre Toxicology

ISSN: 1743-8977

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