Pulmonary exposure to carbonaceous nanomaterials and sperm quality

Table 1 Summary of particle characteristics

Particle	Primary particle size	Shape	Surface area	Z-average (in nanopure water)	Reference
Graphene oxide	Lateral size: 2–3 μm Thickness: 2 nm	flat plates consisting of mainly two to three stacked graphene layers	338–411 m²/g (reduced graphene oxide)	486.7 nm	[31]
Flammruss 101	95 nm	spherical	23.8 m²/g	305.4 nm	[32]
Printex 90	14 nm	spherical	295–338 m²/g	147.2 nm	[32]
SRM1650b	18–30 nm	spherical	108 m²/g		[33]

ISSN: 1743-8977