Table 1 ISD3 simulation parameters for the 20 nm and 110 nm systems

 Media height, L (m)

0.00315

0.00315

No

 Media volume, V (mL)

3

3

No

 Media temperature, T (K)

310

310

No

 Media viscosity, μ(N s/m²)

0.00074

0.00074

No

 Media density, ρ _f (g/mL)

1

1

No

 Surface area, A (m²)

0.000952

0.000952

No

 Particle state

Primary particles coated with proteins

Primary particles coated with proteins

 Primary particle size / diameter, d _p (nm)

20

110

No

 Primary particle density, ρ _p (g/cm³)

10

10

No

 Thickness of protein layer, ΔR _c (nm)

12

22.5

No

 Effective diameter, d _pc  = d _p  + 2ΔR _c (nm)

44

155

No

 Effective density, ρ _pc (g/cm³)

1.583

1.914

No

 Grid spacing along particle diameter, ΔD _p (nm)

1

1

No

 Grid spacing along media height, Δx (m)

3.1532E-6

3.1532E-6

No

 Total simulation time, t_max (h)

24

24

No

 P₀(FBS %)

10

10

No

 Rate constant for the transfer of ions from the particle surface to the free ion state, k _f (mL nm^− 2 h^− 1)

6.00E-18

6.00E-18

Yes

 Saturated concentration of free ions in solution, \( {C}_{sat}^{diss,f} \)(μg/mL)

1

1

Yes

 Rate constant for the slow transfer of ions from the particle surface to the proteins, k _p (mL nm^− 2 h^− 1)

3.00E-17

3.00E-17

Yes

 Rate constant for the initial fast transfer of silver ions from the particle surface to the protein-bound state, k_p2(mL nm^− 2 h^− 1)

1.00E-15

1.00E-15

Yes

 Rate constant for the transfer of free ions from solution to the protein-bound state, k_f2p(ug^− 1 mL h^− 1)

0.0114

0.0114

Yes

 Rate constant for the transfer of ions from the protein-bound state to the free ion state, k_p2f(ug^− 1 mL h^− 1)

0.016

0.016

Yes

 n (μg mL⁻¹ FBS%^− 1)

0.4

0.4

Yes

 n₂(μg mL^− 1 FBS%^− 1)

0.19822

0.19822

Yes

 Diffusion coefficient, D₁₂(cm²/h)

9.02e-9

9.02e-9

Yes

 Cell membrane thickness,Dis₁₂(cm)

7.8e-7

7.8e-7

Yes

 Cell:media silver ion partition coefficient, PC₂₁

25.8

25.8

Yes

 Cell volume, V _cell (mL)

1.936e-3

1.936e-3

No