Fig. 2

SEM characterization of detected TiO₂ particles in a dried liver sample. a The secondary electron microscope image shows a TiO₂ agglomerate below the surface of the liver tissue (arrow). b The backscattered electron image reveals the spherically shaped primary particles within the agglomerate (arrow), with diameters between 75 and 150 nm; (c) illustrates the path of the EDX line scan across the aggregate in the same image at higher magnification; (d) demonstrates the presence of TiO₂ based on the corresponding increase of response for Ti (red line) and oxygen (blue line) at the position of the particle. This forms a clear indication that the detected particle is indeed TiO₂