Table 6 Results of multiple linear regression modeling of cardiovascular metrics
|  | CNT/F metric β estimate (p-value) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Systolic BPa | Diastolic BPb | Heart ratec | |
Exposure variable – untransformed | |||
 EC–inhalable (μg/m3) | -2.65E-2 (0.386) | -2.85E-2 (0.213)d | 8.63E-2 (0.0026)d |
 EC-respirable (μg/m3) | -0.255 (0.317)d | -0.221 (0.251) | 0.667 (0.0074) |
 TEM-total (structures/cm3) | -0.321 (0.905) | -0.992 (0.624) | 0.929 (0.688) |
 CNT/F found in sputum | 1.03 (0.779) | 1.02 (0.712) | 1.20 (0.695) |
 CNT/F duration employed (years) | 0.181 (0.575) | -9.46E-3 (0.968) | -0.777 (0.0029) |
Exposure variable – log-transformed | |||
 ln(EC-inhalable) | 0.187 (0.653) | -5.72E-2 (0.856) | 0.958 (0.0055) |
 ln(EC-respirable) | -0.588 (0.331) | -0.367 (0.416) | 0.190 (0.705) |
 ln(TEM-total) | 0.349 (0.469) | -2.59E-4 (0.999) | 0.216 (0.597) |
Effect modification e | |||
 Male | -0.238 | -0.0270 | 0.0870 |
 Female | -3.52 | -0.241 | -0.454 |
  p for interaction |  0.350 |  0.459 |  0.063 |
 White race, non-Hispanic | -0.259 | -0.0284 | 0.0860 |
 All other races and Hispanic | -11.6 | 0.417 | -1.81 |
  p for interaction |  0.398 |  0.819 |  0.352 |
 Age <40 | -0.195 | -5.88E-2 | 1.55E-2 |
 Age ≥40 | -0.279 | -2.69E-2 | 8.79E-2 |
  p for interaction |  0.881 |  0.740 |  0.483 |
 Education < college degree | -0.206 | -6.38E-2 | 9.86E-2 |
 Education ≥ college degree | -0.257 | -2.81E-2 | 8.60E-2 |
  p for interaction |  0.966 |  0.837 |  0.945 |
 No lung diseasef | -0.254 | -7.14E-4 | 9.03E-2 |
 Has lung disease | -0.255 | -2.94E-2 | 8.63E-2 |
  p for interaction |  1.00 |  0.814 |  0.976 |
 CHM score <5 | -0.254 | -0.0263 | 0.0867 |
 CHM score ≥5 | -5.49 | -0.315 | -0.383 |
  p for interaction |  0.133 |  0.309 |  0.112 |