Agglomeration of titanium dioxide nanoparticles increases toxicological responses in vitro and in vivo

Table 1 Size characterization of freshly prepared TiO₂ stock suspensions (2.56 mg/mL)

Stock suspensions	TEM			DLS	PTA
Stock suspensions	Median ECD (nm)	Mean ECD (nm)	Mean Feret min (nm) ± SD	Z-average (nm)	Mean hydrodynamic size (nm)
17 nm-SA	18	100	33 ± 2	600	134
17 nm-LA	127	200	120 ± 19	900	207
117 nm-SA	122	250	148 ± 10	280	259
117 nm-LA	352	500	309 ± 64	580	221

Median and mean equivalent circle diameter (ECD) and mean feret minimum (feret min) measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Z-average (mean hydrodynamic size) by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and mean hydrodynamic size by particle tracking analysis (PTA)
SD standard deviation

ISSN: 1743-8977