Fig. 3

Schematic representation of AOP 173: Substance interaction with the lung resident cell membrane components leading to lung fibrosis https://aopwiki.org/aops/173. Individual example assays and endpoints assigned to specific KEs that can be used in AOP-informed alternative testing strategies. The list of assays is not exhaustive. Of note, the development of the AOP, as well as identification of targeted endpoints for KE assessment resulting in validation of the AOP modules can be supported by HT and HC methods, including whole genome (hypothesis generating) or targeted (predictive testing) toxicogenomics. The exposure models can vary and may include submerged mono-cultures or advanced models (Air Liquid Interface, co-cultures, 3D models, lung slices, etc)