Fig. 5

Effects of CR on PM-induced extra-pulmonary toxicity. The contents of MDA in plasma (a), 8-OHdG in urine (b), and GSH in plasma (c) of AL- and CR-fed mice with (Exp) or without (Con) PM exposure. n = 10 per group. d The olive tail moment of peripheral blood cells (Comet assay). n = 10 per group. The cell counts of white blood cells (WBC) (e), lymphocytes (f), monocytes (g), and neutrophils (h) in peripheral blood. n = 10 per group. i The heatmap illustrates the relative levels of cytokines in plasma, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL1-β, IL-12p70, IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β1. The detailed information of the cytokine levels was shown in Fig. S12. The z-score transformation was utilized to calculate the relative level of cytokines according the following equation: Z= \( \frac{X-\overline{X}}{SD} \) (\( \overline{X} \) is the mean value, SD is standard deviation). n = 5 per group. j Cytotoxicity of mouse plasma on different human cell lines, including Neuro-2A, HBE, THP1, HepG2HEK, and HCT116 were determined by ex vivo assay. The cells without an addition of the plasma from the mice were regarded as negative control (100% cell viability). n = 5 per group. The data are expressed as the mean ± SD, ^*P < 0.05 (AF vs. PM), ^&P < 0.05 (CR-AF vs. AL-AF), ^#P < 0.05 (CR-PM vs. AL-PM)