Controlled human exposures to wood smoke: a synthesis of the evidence

Schwartz, Carley; Bølling, Anette Kocbach; Carlsten, Christopher

doi:10.1186/s12989-020-00375-x

Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Table 1 Exposure Conditions. The table displays a summary of the exposure conditions for each controlled human exposure study. Studies have been ordered by combustion conditions and PM emission class. For major endpoint of each publication: LF = Effects on Lung Function, AI = Airway Inflammation Effects, CCP = Effects on Circulating Cells and Proteins, OS = Effects on Oxidative Stress, CVP = Effects on Cardiovascular Physiology. All other abbreviations are denoted in the list of abbreviations in main text

From: Controlled human exposures to wood smoke: a synthesis of the evidence

Publications	Major end-point	Stove and fuel type	Wood species (Moisture)	Major PM class^a	Study Design (Number of Participants)	Exposure length	Exercise	Exposure Conditions (PM_2,5 in μg/m³) ^b
Ghio et al [16]	LF, AI, CCP, OS, CVP	Electric element /logs	Red oak wood (−)	Organics	Crossover, sequential (10)	2 h	15 mins × 4 on bike	485
Burbank et al [17]	AI	Electric element / logs	Red oak (−)	Organics	No FA control (35)	2 h	15 mins × 4 on bike	500
Rebuli et al [18]	AI	Electric element / logs	Red oak (−)	Organics	Parallel, randomized (39)	2 h	None	488
Fedak et al [19]	CVP	Wood chips/wood sticks	Unknown	Organics/ soot	Crossover, randomized (48)	2 h	None	Gasifier – 46 Fan rocket – 95 Rocket elbow – 254 Three stone fire – 463
Sehlstedt et al [20]	LF, AI, OS	Pellet stove / pellet or sawdust	Softwood or mixture from pine and spruce (18%)	Organics/ soot	Crossover, randomized (19)	3 h	15 mins × 6 on bike	224
Pope et al [21]	CVP	Conventional/logs	Pine (−)	Organics/ soot	Crossover, randomized (14)	3 h	None	180
Ferguson et al [22]	AI, CCP	Conventional / logs	Western larch (15%)	Organics/ soot	Crossover, randomized (10)	1.5 h	Contin-uous on treadmill	Low – 253.9 High - 506.2
Ferguson et al [23]	LF
Peters et al [24]	OS
Barregard et al [25]	CCP, OS	Conventional / logs	50/50 mixture of birch/spruce (15–18%)	Organics/ soot	Crossover, sequential (13)	4 h	25mins × 2 on bike	243–279
Barregard et al [26]	AI, CCP, OS
Danielsen et al [27] Murgia et al [28]	OS OS
Stockfelt et al [29]	AI, CCP	Conventional / logs	50/50 mixture of birch/spruce (15–18%)	Organics/ soot	Crossover, sequential (16)	3 h	None	SUP - 221 BOP − 148
Stockfelt et al [30]	CCP, OS	Conventional / logs	50/50 mixture of birch/spruce (15–18%)	Organics/ soot	Crossover, sequential (16)	3 h	None	SUP - 221 BOP − 148
Riddervold et al [38]		Questionnaire
Riddervold et al [31]	LF, AI	2-stage / logs	1 kg beech wood logs (16–20%)	Soot / ash	Crossover, randomized (20)	3 h	None	Low – 220.5 High – 354.38
Forchhammer et al [32]	CCP, OS, CVP
Bønløkke et al [33]	CCP, CVP
Unosson et al [34]	CVP	Conventional / logs	Birch (16–18%)	Soot / ash	Crossover, randomized (14)	3 h	15 mins × 6 on bike	314
Muala et al [35]	LF, AI, CCP, OS	Conventional / logs	Birch (16–18%)	Soot / ash	Crossover, randomized (14)	3 h	15 mins × 6 on bike	314
Hunter et al [36]	CCP, CVP	Conventional / logs	Birch (16–18%)	Soot / ash	Crossover, randomized (16)	1 h	15 mins × 2 on bike	1115

^aSee Table S1 for more details regarding PM class
^b PM_2.5 for filtered air control ranged between 3 and 18 μg/m³ (excluding Burbank et al [17] that did not include a filtered air control)

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ISSN: 1743-8977

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