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Table 1 Demographic characteristics, clinical variables, and particulate matter exposure of non-DET (n = 76) and DET (n = 78)

From: Chronic exposure to diesel exhaust may cause small airway wall thickening without lumen narrowing: a quantitative computerized tomography study in Chinese diesel engine testers

Variable

Non-DET

DET

P values

N

76

78

 

Demographics

 Age (yr, M ± SD)

36.4 ± 10.9

36.2 ± 8.0

0.89a

 Male sex (n, %)

76, 100

78, 100

 

 Height (cm, M ± SD)

172.3 ± 5.9

173.0 ± 5.3

0.41a

 BMI (kg/m2, M ± SD)

25.7 ± 4.4

25.7 ± 3.4

0.99a

 Smoking Status

  

0.004b

  Never smoker (n, %)

33, 43.4

15, 19.2

 

  Current smoker (n, %)

34, 44.7

54, 69.2

 

  Former smoker (n, %)

9, 11.8

9, 11.5

 

 Packyears in ever smokers (Mdn, Q1 - Q3)

13.5, 6.0–24.0

6.5, 2.6–15.0

0.008c

Particulate matter exposure

 DE exposure history (yr, M ± SD)

–

11.7 ± 6.3

 

 PM2.5 (μg/m3, n, GSM, GSD)

5, 130.0, 1.2

4, 430.8, 2.3

 

 CCAM (%, n, Mdn, Q1 - Q3)

53, 1.67, 1.20–2.19

53, 4.29, 3.07–6.49

< 0.001c

Self-reported symptom in past one year

 Coughing for ≥3 mo (n, %)

0, 0.0

2, 2.6

0.50b

 Phlegm for ≥3 mo (n, %)

1, 1.3

6, 7.7

0.12b

Radiographic diagnosis

 Emphysema (n, %)

4, 5.3

1, 1.3

0.21b

 Pulmonary fibrosis (n, %)

0, 0.0

0, 0.0

NC

 GGO (n, %)

0, 0.0

0, 0.0

NC

 Total lung volume (ml, M ± SD)

5054.1 ± 954.4

5020.4 ± 969.0

0.83a

Spirometry

 FEV1 (L/s, M ± SD)

3.64 ± 0.62

3.53 ± 0.42

0.020d

 FEV1% predicted (%, M ± SD)

98.02 ± 10.75

94.15 ± 11.33

0.025d

 FVC (L, M ± SD)

4.15 ± 0.69

4.05 ± 0.52

0.039d

 FVC % predicted (%, M ± SD)

102.18 ± 12.76

99.06 ± 10.89

0.040d

 FEV1/FVC (%, M ± SD)

87.71 ± 5.41

87.38 ± 5.18

0.78d

 MMF (L/s, M ± SD)

4.30 ± 1.00

4.15 ± 0.87

0.26d

 MMF % predicted (%, M ± SD)

91.34 ± 20.08

87.88 ± 21.45

0.32d

 FEF25 (L/s, M ± SD)

7.22 ± 1.45

6.67 ± 1.19

0.010d

 FEF25 percent predicted (%, M ± SD)

89.02 ± 17.73

81.79 ± 15.03

0.010d

 FEF50 (L/s, M ± SD)

4.97 ± 1.29

4.74 ± 1.02

0.165d

 FEF50 percent predicted (%, M ± SD)

87.07 ± 21.51

82.75 ± 18.99

0.186d

 FEF75 (L/s, M ± SD)

2.25 ± 0.74

2.17 ± 0.69

0.444d

 FEF75 percent predicted (%, M ± SD)

78.09 ± 24.34

75.49 ± 26.81

0.580d

  1. Definition of abbreviations: BMI body mass index, CCAM carbon content in airway macrophage, DET diesel engine tester, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FEF25 Forced expiratory flow rate at 25% vital capacity, FEF50 Forced expiratory flow rate at 50% vital capacity, FEF75 Forced expiratory flow rate at 75% vital capacity, FVC forced vital capacity, GGO ground glass opacity, GSD geometric standard deviation,; GSM geometrical mean, L/S liters per second, M mean, Mdn median, MMF maximal mid-expiratory flow, NC not calculated, PM2.5 fine particulate matter, Q1 lower quartile, Q3 upper quartile, SD standard deviation
  2. a Student t-test
  3. b Chi-square test. Fisher exact test was used for Coughing for ≥3 mo, Phlegm for ≥3 mo, Emphysema, Pulmonary fibrosis, and GGO
  4. c Wilcoxon rank sum test
  5. d Generalized linear model assessed the differences of spirometry between non-DETs and DETs with adjustment of age, height, BMI, and smoking history
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Particle and Fibre Toxicology

ISSN: 1743-8977

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