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Table 2 Exposure characteristics

From: Acute cardiovascular effects of controlled exposure to dilute Petrodiesel and biodiesel exhaust in healthy volunteers: a crossover study

 

Study one

Study two

Petrodiesel

RME30

Petrodiesel

RME100

PM10, μg/m3

314 ± 27

309 ± 30

310 ± 34

165 ± 16

Total Hydrocarbons, ppm

1.0 ± 0.1

0.9 ± 0.1

0.9 ± 0.2

0.9 ± 0.2

NOx, ppm

3.9 ± 1.0

4.6 ± 1.0

6.1 ± 0.4

7.3 ± 0.5

NO2, ppm

0.7 ± 0.1

0.3 ± 0.1

0.4 ± 0.1

0.5 ± 0.1

Temp, C

22 ± 1

22 ± 1

22 ± 2

22 ± 1

Relative humidity, %

36 ± 13

33 ± 11

28 ± 11

30 ± 13

Particle number concentration ×105/cm3

n/a

n/a

1.7 ± 3.2

2.2 ± 1.4

EC/OC, ratio*

0.66 ± 0.01

0.64 ± 0.02

n/d

0.43 ± 0.03

Particle bound PAHs, ng/m3

156 ± 16

127 ± 15

n/d

76 ± 24

Semi volatile PAHs, ng/m3

244 ± 81

158 ± 37

n/d

225 ± 167

  1. Exposure characteristics, mean and standard deviation. *Elemental (EC) and organic (OC) carbon. Semi-volatile PAHs are the sum of; phenanthrene, anthracene, 3-methylphenanthrene, 2-methylphenanthrene, 2-methylanthracene, 9-methylphenanthrene, 1-methylphenanthrene, 4H-cyclopenta [def] phenanthrene, 2-phenylnaphthalene, 3,6-dimethylphenanthrene, 3,9-dimethylphenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, 2-methylpyrene, 4-methylpyrene, 1-methylpyrene, benz [a] anthracene, and chrysene. For Study one n = 16 and for study two n = 19, except EC/OC and PAHs n = 3 for studies one and two