Fig. 7

AgNPs, but not Ag⁺, cause lipid peroxidation. To assess lipid peroxidation, SUM159 and iMEC cells were treated with A AgNPs or B Ag⁺ for 24 h, stained with Liperfluo, and fluorescence was measured using flow cytometry. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey Test. Statistical differences are indicated (*p < 0.05). C Western blotting to detect 4-HNE was performed on lysates from SUM159 and iMEC cells exposed for 24 h to increasing doses of AgNPs (untreated, 18.25, 37.5 and 75 μg/mL, left to right for each cell line). Western blotting to detect 4-HNE also was performed on D SUM159 or E iMEC cells exposed to AgNPs (untreated, 18.25, 37.5 and 75 μg/mL, left to right) or Ag⁺ (untreated, 0.5, 1, 2 μg/mL, left to right) for 24 h. β-actin was used as a loading control. Data are representative of a minimum of two experiments