Fig. 9
From: The mechanism of cell death induced by silver nanoparticles is distinct from silver cations
The mechanism of cell death induced by AgNPs differs from that of Ag+. A iMEC or B SUM159 cells were exposed to AgNPs or Ag+ for 24 h, co-stained with PI and AnnV, and then evaluated by flow cytometry. The percentages of cells characterized as viable (lower-left quadrant), early apoptotic (lower-right quadrant), late apoptotic (upper-right quadrant), and necrotic (upper left quadrant) are shown within each quadrant. Data are representative of a minimum of two independent experiments. C iMEC or D SUM159 cells were exposed to AgNPs or Ag+ for 24 h and full length caspase expression was detected by western blot. Protein levels relative to GAPDH loading control were quantified by densitometry. Expression of cas-7/GAPDH and cas-3/GAPDH is shown relative to levels detected in untreated control. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc tukey test. Statistical differences are indicated (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001)