Fig. 5
Evaluation of the inhibitory effects of drugs on the toxicity caused by 11 types of nanomaterials towards primary rat microglia. a Measurement of intracellular ATP levels in MNPs@SiO2(RITC)-treated primary rat microglia in the presence of GSH, citrate, or both. Data represent means ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05 versus no-treatment control, §p < 0.05 versus 0.01 µg/µl dose treatment, and #p < 0.05 versus 0.1 µg/µl dose treatment, respectively, according to one-way ANOVA. b Cell viability assay for 11 types of nanomaterials (0.1 µg/µl) in primary microglia in the presence of GSH and citrate. Data represent means ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05 versus w/o drug group, and #p < 0.05 versus single treatment of GSH and citrate group, respectively, according to one-way ANOVA. c Morphological analysis of nanomaterial-treated primary microglia. Scale bar = 50 μm. Red: MNPs@SiO2(RITC). Green: CdSe QDs