Fig. 3From: Development of a multi-route physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for nanomaterials: a comparison between a traditional versus a new route-specific approach using gold nanoparticles in ratsComparisons of model prediction (x-axis) with observed data (y-axis). a Global evaluation of goodness of model fit from the PBPK model calibration results for pharmacokinetic data from rats after oral administration (Oral), intravenous injection (IV), intratracheal instillation (IT) and inhalation administration (IH) of AuNPs. b Observed-to-predicted (O/P) ratio versus model prediction plot. In both panels, the different symbol shapes and colors are used for different NPs’ sizes (1.4, 5, 18, 23, 80 and 200 nm) and exposure routes (Oral, IV, IT and IH), respectively. In panel b, the dashed line represents over a O/P ratio of 2 or lower 0.5, and the histogram of residuals is shown on the right of the panelBack to article page