Fig. 10From: Short- and long-term polystyrene nano- and microplastic exposure promotes oxidative stress and divergently affects skin cell architecture and Wnt/beta-catenin signalingSummary of NMP exposure consequences in murine primary skin cells. Polymeric NMP affected primary cells freshly isolated from murine skin due to their uptake into the cytoplasm, leading to oxidative stress, changes in the secretion profile, and cytoskeletal disruption. Direct cytotoxic effects were less observedBack to article page