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Fig. 4 | Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Fig. 4

From: Short- and long-term polystyrene nano- and microplastic exposure promotes oxidative stress and divergently affects skin cell architecture and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling

Fig. 4

Secretory response of NMP-treated skin cells. a Study scheme. b After NMP exposure, expression values of IL1β, IL6 TNFα, and VEGF were determined by qPCR and shown in a heat map. c Principal component analyses (PCA) of normalized cytokine and chemokine levels across all NMP sizes revealed PC2 to separate between acute and chronic stress response. c Multiplex chemokine and cytokine release quantification in skin cell supernatants after acute and chronic NMP exposure. Data were normalized to GAPDH/RLP13A and untreated controls (ctrl) and presented as mean + SEM. Statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA (n ≥ 3 for (b; n ≥ 9 for d) with Dunnett's multiple comparisons test (*p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, and ***p ≤ 0.001)

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Particle and Fibre Toxicology

ISSN: 1743-8977

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