Table 2 Serum biochemistry of F344/DuCrlCrlj rats treated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles for 28 days
Dose (mg/kg bw/day) | 0 | 10 | 100 | 1000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | ||||
No. of animals | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
TP (g/dL) | 6.02 ± 0.19 | 6.10 ± 0.12 | 6.18 ± 0.16 | 6.02 ± 0.08 |
ALB (g/dL) | 4.26 ± 0.18 | 4.34 ± 0.05 | 4.40 ± 0.10 | 4.26 ± 0.11 |
A/G | 2.42 ± 0.11 | 2.48 ± 0.19 | 2.48 ± 0.19 | 2.44 ± 0.21 |
BUN (mg/dL) | 21.82 ± 3.06 | 20.68 ± 0.81 | 20.56 ± 1.21 | 20.16 ± 1.78 |
CRE (mg/dL) | 0.348 ± 0.053 | 0.296 ± 0.025 | 0.282 ± 0.019* | 0.280 ± 0.022* |
Na (mEq/L) | 142.6 ± 0.9 | 143.4 ± 1.1 | 143.8 ± 0.8 | 142.6 ± 1.1 |
K (mEq/L) | 5.06 ± 1.58 | 4.30 ± 0.43 | 4.02 ± 0.22 | 4.28 ± 0.11 |
Cl (mEq/L) | 100.8 ± 2.3 | 101.6 ± 0.5 | 101.2 ± 1.3 | 101.2 ± 0.4 |
Ca (mg/dL) | 10.56 ± 0.80 | 10.54 ± 0.31 | 10.44 ± 0.29 | 10.24 ± 0.30 |
IP (mg/dL) | 8.24 ± 1.60 | 7.26 ± 1.20 | 6.92 ± 0.61 | 7.18 ± 0.27 |
AST (IU/L) | 100.8 ± 28.2 | 108.6 ± 51.8 | 88.0 ± 10.7 | 80.4 ± 3.2 |
ALT (IU/L) | 41.6 ± 1.8 | 43.2 ± 2.4 | 42.2 ± 2.8 | 39.8 ± 4.2 |
ALP (IU/L) | 809.8 ± 47.3 | 790.4 ± 57.3 | 815.6 ± 36.0 | 796.6 ± 13.4 |
r-GT (IU/L) | < 3 | < 3 | < 3 | < 3 |
T-CHO (mg/dL) | 58.2 ± 4.1 | 55.2 ± 7.2 | 56.0 ± 4.6 | 56.4 ± 4.7 |
TG (mg/dL) | 61.6 ± 15.0 | 47.8 ± 7.4 | 54.0 ± 10.8 | 54.4 ± 5.0 |
T-BIL (mg/dL) | 0.048 ± 0.008 | 0.048 ± 0.004 | 0.056 ± 0.009 | 0.050 ± 0.012 |
GLU (mg/dL) | 157.0 ± 43.5 | 139.2 ± 17.6 | 136.0 ± 12.2 | 145.2 ± 12.8 |
Female | ||||
No. of animals | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
TP (g/dL) | 5.80 ± 0.23 | 5.86 ± 0.13 | 5.96 ± 0.37 | 5.94 ± 0.17 |
ALB (g/dL) | 4.24 ± 0.15 | 4.30 ± 0.12 | 4.36 ± 0.26 | 4.34 ± 0.05 |
A/G | 2.74 ± 0.11 | 2.80 ± 0.12 | 2.76 ± 0.19 | 2.72 ± 0.29 |
BUN (mg/dL) | 20.82 ± 1.33 | 19.52 ± 1.95 | 21.04 ± 1.61 | 21.08 ± 1.38 |
CRE (mg/dL) | 0.324 ± 0.021 | 0.312 ± 0.024 | 0.338 ± 0.056 | 0.318 ± 0.019 |
Na (mEq/L) | 143.4 ± 1.1 | 143.4 ± 0.5 | 143.2 ± 0.8 | 143.0 ± 0.7 |
K (mEq/L) | 3.90 ± 0.12 | 3.92 ± 0.08 | 3.96 ± 0.32 | 3.92 ± 0.13 |
Cl (mEq/L) | 103.8 ± 0.8 | 103.2 ± 1.3 | 103.6 ± 1.1 | 103.6 ± 0.5 |
Ca (mg/dL) | 9.80 ± 0.51 | 9.90 ± 0.34 | 10.14 ± 0.09 | 10.10 ± 0.19 |
IP (mg/dL) | 6.44 ± 0.25 | 6.80 ± 0.56 | 6.58 ± 0.69 | 6.82 ± 0.43 |
AST (IU/L) | 106.0 ± 32.2 | 88.0 ± 14.0 | 87.8 ± 10.3 | 77.0 ± 5.1 |
ALT (IU/L) | 35.4 ± 2.5 | 32.6 ± 2.6 | 33.0 ± 3.2 | 34.6 ± 4.0 |
ALP (IU/L) | 567.6 ± 28.0 | 589.0 ± 63.3 | 585.2 ± 27.0 | 592.2 ± 37.4 |
r-GT (IU/L) | < 3 | < 3 | < 3 | < 3 |
T-CHO (mg/dL) | 74.0 ± 7.2 | 78.6 ± 8.9 | 75.8 ± 9.8 | 78.8 ± 3.6 |
TG (mg/dL) | 21.4 ± 9.3 | 24.8 ± 8.6 | 21.2 ± 8.7 | 42.8 ± 11.4** |
T-BIL (mg/dL) | 0.054 ± 0.011 | 0.056 ± 0.009 | 0.046 ± 0.017 | 0.056 ± 0.018 |
GLU (mg/dL) | 92.8 ± 10.2 | 89.2 ± 4.8 | 92.4 ± 17.4 | 102.6 ± 5.7 |