Table 4 Histopathological findings of F344/DuCrlCrlj rats treated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles for 28 days
Male | Female | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dose (mg/kg bw/day) | 0 | 1000 | 0 | 1000 | |
No. of animals | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |
Heart | Infiltration, mononuclear cell, myocardium, focal (minimal) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Pituitary gland | Cyst (minimal) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Nasal cavity | Yellowish brown material, nasal lumen (mild) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Yellowish brown material, submucosa (minimal) | 0 | 4* | 0 | 4* | |
Inflammation, acute (minimal, mild, moderate) | 1 (0, 1, 0) | 3 (0, 1, 2) | 0 | 1 (1, 0, 0) | |
Hyperplasia, mucous cell, respiratory epithelium (minimal, mild) | 1 (1, 0) | 2 (1, 1) | 0 | 0 | |
Metaplasia, squamous cell, transitional epithelium (minimal) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Lung | Alveolar macrophage aggregation, containing yellowish brown material (minimal) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Infiltration, eosinophil/mononuclear cell, perivascular (minimal) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Hemorrhage, alveoli, focal (minimal) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Tongue | Inflammation, neutrophile/eosinophil, lingual gland (minimal) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Parotid gland | Focus, hypertrophic, basophilic (minimal) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Esophagus | Yellowish brown material, lumen (minimal) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 |
Stomach | Yellowish brown material, lumen (minimal) | 0 | 5** | 0 | 4* |
Duodenum | Yellowish brown material, lumen (minimal) | 0 | 4* | 0 | 3 |
Jejunum | Yellowish brown material, lumen (minimal) | 0 | 5** | 0 | 3 |
Ileum | Yellowish brown material, lumen (minimal) | 0 | 4* | 0 | 4* |
Cecum | Yellowish brown material, lumen (minimal) | 0 | 5** | 0 | 4* |
Colon | Yellowish brown material, lumen (minimal) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 |
Rectum | Yellowish brown material, lumen (minimal) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
Liver | Necrosis, focal (minimal) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Testis | Atrophy, tubular, unilateral (severe) | 0 | 1 | - | - |
Prostate | Infiltration, mononuclear cell, interstitial (minimal) | 1 | 1 | - | - |