Table 5 Urinalysis data at week 13 in F344/DuCrlCrlj rats treated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles for 90 days
Male | Female | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dose (mg/kg bw/day) | 0 | 100 | 300 | 1000 | 0 | 100 | 300 | 1000 | |
No. of animals | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |
Glucose | − | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 |
± | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
Protein | − | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
± | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
1+ | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
Bilirubin | − | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
Urobilinogen | Normal | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
pH | 7 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
7.5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | |
8 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | |
Specific gravity | < 1.005 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
1.01 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
1.015 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | |
1.02 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | |
1.025 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
> 1.03 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Occult blood | – | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
± | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
1+ | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Ketone body | − | 5 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 |
± | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
1+ | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Nitrite | − | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
Leukocytes | − | 5 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
25 Leu/µl | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
75 Leu/µl | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Color | Colorless | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Light yellow | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
Yellow | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 4 | |