Table 7 Serum biochemistry of F344/DuCrlCrlj rats treated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles for 90 days

Male

No. of animals

10

10

10

10

TP (g/dL)

6.30 ± 0.16

6.27 ± 0.18

6.25 ± 0.24

6.31 ± 0.17

ALB (g/dL)

4.19 ± 0.09

4.17 ± 0.13

4.13 ± 0.15

4.16 ± 0.12

A/G

2.01 ± 0.07

2.02 ± 0.10

1.97 ± 0.08

1.96 ± 0.07

BUN (mg/dL)

21.85 ± 1.77

21.80 ± 1.80

20.11 ± 1.68

21.66 ± 1.85

CRE (mg/dL)

0.368 ± 0.033

0.346 ± 0.028

0.337 ± 0.032

0.336 ± 0.027

Na (mEq/L)

140.9 ± 1.4

141.3 ± 0.8

142.0 ± 1.4

142.2 ± 0.8*

K (mEq/L)

4.26 ± 0.16

4.30 ± 0.16

4.20 ± 0.21

4.09 ± 0.18

Cl (mEq/L)

99.1 ± 1.4

100.4 ± 0.8*

100.2 ± 0.9*

100.1 ± 0.6

Ca (mg/dL)

9.96 ± 0.23

9.88 ± 0.27

9.83 ± 0.18

9.94 ± 0.18

IP (mg/dL)

5.06 ± 0.34

4.98 ± 0.38

4.82 ± 0.49

5.06 ± 0.42

AST (IU/L)

97.0 ± 22.0

87.2 ± 16.1

99.8 ± 22.9

108.3 ± 36.0

ALT (IU/L)

59.9 ± 10.2

52.1 ± 9.0

56.5 ± 8.2

67.6 ± 14.4

ALP (IU/L)

388.3 ± 35.6

375.4 ± 28.8

381.0 ± 34.1

393.9 ± 34.0

r-GT (IU/L)

< 3

< 3

< 3

< 3

T-CHO (mg/dL)

66.2 ± 8.4

66.7 ± 5.1

64.3 ± 3.6

59.6 ± 6.0

TG (mg/dL)

93.1 ± 25.4

78.2 ± 11.5

66.1 ± 13.7**

73.9 ± 14.2*

T-BIL (mg/dL)

0.043 ± 0.012

0.048 ± 0.009

0.040 ± 0.009

0.043 ± 0.008

GLU (mg/dL)

179.7 ± 20.8

172.7 ± 20.8

171.1 ± 25.9

175.5 ± 26.9

Female

No. of animals

10

10

10

10

TP (g/dL)

6.53 ± 0.16

6.43 ± 0.19

6.58 ± 0.14

6.57 ± 0.16

ALB (g/dL)

4.43 ± 0.16

4.36 ± 0.13

4.47 ± 0.13

4.50 ± 0.14

A/G

2.10 ± 0.12

2.11 ± 0.11

2.13 ± 0.12

2.19 ± 0.14

BUN (mg/dL)

22.10 ± 3.57

22.00 ± 2.92

20.58 ± 2.35

20.63 ± 1.78

CRE (mg/dL)

0.355 ± 0.029

0.368 ± 0.034

0.349 ± 0.015

0.354 ± 0.024

Na (mEq/L)

141.8 ± 1.0

142.2 ± 1.0

142.1 ± 0.9

142.6 ± 0.8

K (mEq/L)

3.85 ± 0.18

3.90 ± 0.27

3.88 ± 0.15

3.93 ± 0.16

Cl (mEq/L)

101.3 ± 0.8

102.0 ± 1.2

102.4 ± 0.7

103.1 ± 1.3**

Ca (mg/dL)

10.16 ± 0.16

9.90 ± 0.35

9.93 ± 0.21

9.91 ± 0.35

IP (mg/dL)

4.79 ± 0.66

5.01 ± 0.64

4.33 ± 0.89

4.49 ± 0.65

AST (IU/L)

76.5 ± 6.3

75.7 ± 5.1

75.9 ± 4.4

80.8 ± 5.7

ALT (IU/L)

38.4 ± 2.8

39.0 ± 4.5

38.4 ± 4.3

40.8 ± 6.4

ALP (IU/L)

282.3 ± 41.7

275.8 ± 23.5

292.3 ± 54.3

266.9 ± 30.7

r-GT (IU/L)

< 3

< 3

< 3

< 3

T-CHO (mg/dL)

91.7 ± 6.0

86.3 ± 5.7

95.2 ± 6.7

88.4 ± 5.4

TG (mg/dL)

52.4 ± 16.6

38.9 ± 19.5

42.6 ± 17.1

52.3 ± 27.1

T-BIL (mg/dL)

0.051 ± 0.012

0.047 ± 0.012

0.043 ± 0.013

0.047 ± 0.009

GLU (mg/dL)

131.4 ± 24.6

134.3 ± 17.0

132.6 ± 16.0

120.9 ± 13.8