Fig. 6

The effect of PS-MPs exposure on oxidative stress and Ca²⁺ signaling in TM4 cells. a Measurement of ROS levels in TM4 cells by CLSM. b Quantitative analysis of ROS presented in a. c, d Comparative statistics of MDA and SOD content between control group and PS-MPs exposure groups. e Representative fluorescent images showing Ca²⁺ signaling after PS-MPs exposure. f Quantification of fluorescent intensity of Ca²⁺ signaling as presented in e. g Representative fluorescent images of Ca²⁺ signaling and ROS levels in TM4 cells treated with control, PS-MPs and PS-MPs + BAPTA. h, i Comparative quantification of fluorescent intensity of Ca²⁺ signaling (H) and ROS (I) as presented in g. The representative images were selected from three independent and replicated experiments (n = 3). Scale bars: 30 μm