Maternal exposure to nano-titanium dioxide impedes fetal development via endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the placental labyrinth in mice

Table 2 TiO₂ NP impeded fetal growth and placental development

	NC	10 mg/kg	50 mg/kg	250 mg/kg
Fetal body weight (g)	0.760 ± 0.029	0.720 ± 0.033	0.614 ± 0.041**	0.612 ± 0.030**
Crown-rump length (cm)	1.756 ± 0.019	1.717 ± 0.026	1.661 ± 0.037*	1.651 ± 0.036*
Placental weight (g)	0.129 ± 0.043	0.124 ± 0.032	0.115 ± 0.020*	0.115 ± 0.019*
Placental efficiency	6.532 ± 2.759	5.863 ± 1.671	5.219 ± 2.488**	5.538 ± 2.552*
Fetus number per dam	9.0 ± 2.2	7.3 ± 1.7	8.5 ± 1.5	8.7 ± 1.5
Total fetal loss	1	1	0	0

Data are presented as mean ± SEM. n = 51–63. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 as compared with the normal control (NC)

ISSN: 1743-8977