Fig. 11
The protein levels and enzymatic activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the cell culture media of primary mouse alveolar macrophages exposed to PM2.5 with/without high glucose pretreatment. Primary mouse alveolar macrophages were obtained from C57BL/6J, NLRP3 KO, and IL-1R1 KO mice, respectively, by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and pretreated with 30 mM of glucose for 24 h prior to treatment with 50 μg/mL of PM2.5 for another 24 h. The cells treated with physiological saline were used as control. a The protein levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the cell culture media were determined by ELISA. Data are shown as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. * p < 0.05 vs. control; # p < 0.05 vs. the group with PM2.5 treatment only. b The enzymatic activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the cell culture media were determined by gelatin zymography assay