Fig. 4

Impact of perinatal exposure to TiO₂ foodborne on intestinal immune system. A–D Wild type female mice have been exposed to TiO₂ (9 mg/kg of BW/Day) during the perinatal period including gestational and lactating periods. A and B Then, at day 30 after birth, pups have been sacrificed and colonic protein expression of cytokines (A) and faecal levels of IgA (B) have been monitored. C and D At day 50 after birth, immune cells population of the colon (C) and faecal levels of IgA (D) have been measured. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM and were analysed by Student’s t-test. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 versus control group. At least n = 8 per group