Fig. 5

Regulation of AMPK/ULK1 signaling pathway in PS-NP-activated mitophagy in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. A, B The quantification of protein expression levels of the AMPK/ULK1 pathway, including phosphorylated and total AMPK and ULK1. C-H Differentiated SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to 500 μg/mL PS-NPs with or without CoC (0.5 μM) for 48 h. C Cell viability, and D representative IF images showing colocalization of LC3 (green) and Mito tracker (red). The quantification of protein expression levels of E pAMPK/AMPK, F pULK1/ULK1, G LC3-II/LC3-I, and H p62. Results are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, compared to the 0 μg/mL group or indicative group