Fig. 3

Effects of PS-NPs exposure on heart function and structure. (A): Representative M-mode echocardiograms. Yellow line with diamond arrow represented IVS; d. Yellow line with triangle arrow represented IVS; s. Blue line with diamond arrow represented LVID; d. Blue line with triangle arrow represented LVID; s. Red line with diamond arrow represented LVPW; d. Red line with triangle arrow represented LVPW; s The mean changes in EF (B), FS (C), LVDd (D) and LVDs (E) were displayed. (F–G): HE staining and Masson staining (100 × and 200 ×) of heart tissues. (H–I): Quantification of injury area and fibrosis levels. (J): Subcellular structure of the myocardium by TEM. Green arrow: fractured myofilaments. Yellow arrow: damaged mitochondria. Bar graphs indicate the mean ± SD. *P < 0.05. IVS; d: Interventricular septal thickness at diastole; IVS; s: Interventricular septal thickness at systole; LVID; d (LVDd for short): Left ventricular cavity diameter at diastole; LVID; s (LVDs for short): Left ventricular cavity diameter at systole; LVPW; d: Left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastolic; LVPW; s: Left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-systolic. EF: ejection fraction; FS: fractional shortening. Bar graphs indicate the mean ± SD. *P < 0.05