Human exposure to diesel exhaust induces CYP1A1 expression and AhR activation without a coordinated antioxidant response

Table 2 Transcription factors, total (cytoplasmic + nucleus) and nuclear translocation

	Air	Diesel	p-value
Epi. c-fos total (%)	0.01 (0.00–0.18)	0.02 (0.00–0.11)	NS
Epi. c-fos nucl. (Cell nucleus/mm²)	0.00 (0.00–67.70)	30.30 (0.00–121)	NS
Epi. p–c-jun total (%)	0.80 (0.49–1.33)	1.06 (0.79–1.96)	NS
Epi. p–c-jun nucl. (Cell nucleus/mm²)	248 (101–345)	362 (227–472)	0.004
Epi. Nrf2 total (%)	1.16 (0.77–2.78)	2.59 (0.61–5.62)	NS (0.06)
Epi. Nrf2 nucl. (Cell nucleus/mm²)	270 (148–431)	325 (224–565)	NS
Epi. AhR total (%)	0.38 (0.27–0.76)	0.72 (0.35–1.22)	NS (0.06)
Epi. AhR nucl. (Cell nucleus/mm²)	140 (77.50–190)	358 (245–464)	0.001
Subm. leu. AhR nucl. (Cell nucleus/mm²)	29.5 (23.2–38.7)	46 (37.2–60.2)	< 0.001

Definition of abbreviations: Epi. = epithelium, nucl. = nucleus, Subm. = submucosal, leu. = leukocyte. Data are presented as median and (interquartile ranges). Total staining (cytoplasmic + nucleus expression), expressed as % of the selected epithelial area. Staining of the nucleus expressed as the number of positively stained nucleus/mm² of the selected epithelial area. Submucosa leukocyte nuclear AhR expressed as the number of positively stained leukocyte nucleus/mm² of the selected submucosa area. Comparisons between post air and DE performed using the Wilcoxon-signed-rang-test (n = 16)

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