Fig. 5

NAC/MitoQ decreases ROS/mtROS levels and relieves mitochondrial damage induced by Nanomaterials in U251 cells. A U251 cells were pretreated with 10 mM NAC for 30 min or pretreated with 0.2 μM MitoQ for 30 min and then were measured by CCK8 after being exposed to nanomaterials for 24 h. B, D Representative image of ROS level and quantification of ROS level after exposure to nanomaterials in U251 cells. C, F Representative image of mtROS level and its corresponding quantification analysis in U251 cells. E, G Representative image of MMP measure by JC-1 and its quantification analysis in U251 cells. Scale bar = 250 μm. *, ** and *** indicate P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001 compared with control group. ^## and ^### indicate P < 0.01 and 0.001 compared with the respective nanomaterials group (regarding the no intervention nanomaterials group). Date present as mean ± SEM. n = 3