Fig. 4

Quantitative HTS toxicity data of differentiated THP-1 cells exposed to pre- and post-incinerated organomodified nanoclays in the presence of LPS. A Cell viability via WST-1 assay and B) live/dead counts at 24 h indicated that Clois30B produced a robust cytotoxic effect on THP-1 cells compared to all other particles. C Cathepsin B release, D Caspase 1, and E late apoptosis in exposed THP-1 cells at 6 h post-exposure F Secreted IL-1β levels from nanoclay-exposed THPs at 24 h. G Gasdermin D N-terminus (GSDMD) cleavage product indicating inflammasome-induced pyroptosis. All HTS measures reflect mean ± SE integrated intensities. Horizontal dotted line indicates unexposed control level. * and † indicates those treatments with a significant increase or decrease from unexposed cells, respectively (p ≤ 0.05, n = 3–4)