Fig. 3

Necroptosis detection in RAW 264.7 cells after 20 nm PSNPs treatment. (A) The viability of RAW 264.7 cells after PSNPs treatment alone or together with necroptosis inhibitors Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1), GSK’843 and necrosulfonamide (NSA), pyroptosis inhibitors (MCC950), autophagy inhibitors (wortmannin (Wort) and 3-methyladenine (3-MA)), ferroptosis inhibitors (Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) and deferoxamine (DFO)) and apoptosis inhibitors (Z-VAD-FMK). (B) Late apoptosis/necroptosis in PSNPs treated RAW 264.7 cells at the indicated time. (C) The activation of necroptosis specific proteins in PSNPs-treated RAW 264.7 cells at the indicated time or together with the necroptosis inhibitor Nec-1 for 45 min. The concentration of PSNPs was 50 µg/mL unless otherwise indicated. The results are presented as the mean ± S.D. n = 3, N.S., no significance. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01