Fig. 8

PSNPs induce macrophage-hepatocyte crosstalk to promote cell death in hepatocytes. (A) Toxic effect of PSNPs on AML-12 and Huh7 cells. (B) AML-12 and RAW 264.7 cell coculture diagram. (C-D) Cell viability and LDH release were measured in independently cultured AML-12 cells or a coculture of AML-12 cells with RAW 264.7 cells in a transwell system. (E-F) Flow cytometry analysis of the levels of ROS and late apoptotic/necroptotic cells of AML-12 cells co-cultured with RAW 264.7 cells. n = 3. N.S., no significance. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01. 20 nm PSNPs at 50 µg/mL or 60 mg/kg were used in vitro or in vivo respectively