Fig. 4

SiNPs induced cellular damage and iron overload in cardiomyocytes. AC16 cells were incubated with SiNPs for 24 h. A TEM images upon SiNPs stimuli (50 μg/mL, 24 h). Scale bar, 1.0 or 5.0 µm B Intracellular silicon content. C LDH activity. D Cytosolic Fe²⁺ fluorescent labeling (a) and corresponding analysis (b). Scale bar, 50 µm. E Mitochondrial Fe²⁺ levels (a) and relative analysis (b). Scale bar, 20 or 50 µm. F Western blot assay. Data were expressed as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05 vs control