Fig. 3
From: Toxicity of graphene-family nanoparticles: a general review of the origins and mechanisms
![Fig. 3](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs12989-016-0168-y/MediaObjects/12989_2016_168_Fig3_HTML.gif)
Schematic diagram showed the possible mechanisms of GFNs cytotoxicity. GFNs get into cells through different ways, which induce in ROS generation, LDH and MDA increase, and Ca2+ release. Subsequently, GFNs cause kinds of cell injury, for instance, cell membrane damage, inflammation, DNA damage, mitochondrial disorders, apoptosis or necrosis